1. ping Command

Tests connectivity to a remote host.

ping wizbrand.com

2. netstat Command

Displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.

netstat -tuln

Output: –

3. ss Command

Displays socket statistics.

Example :-

ss -tuln

4. ifconfig Command

Displays or configures network interfaces.

Example :-

ifconfig

5. ip Command

Provides extensive networking information.

Example :-

ip addr show

6. arp Command

Displays the ARP cache.

Example :-

arp -a

Output:-

7. route Command

Displays and manipulates the IP routing table.

Example :-

route -n

Output :-

8. dig Command

Performs DNS lookup and displays the response.

Example :-

dig wizbrand.com

Output:-

9. host Command

Performs DNS lookup and displays the response.

Example :-

host wizbrand.com

Output:-

10. uptime Command:

Displays system uptime and load average.

Example :-

uptime

11. free Command

Displays free and used memory in the system.

free -m

Output:-

12 df Command

Displays disk space usage.

Example :-

df -h

13 du Command

Displays disk usage of files and directories.

Example :-

du -sh htdocs

Output:-

14. ps Command

Displays a snapshot of current processes.

Example:-

ps aux

Output:-

15. top Command

Displays real-time information about system processes and resource usage.

Example:-

top

Output:-

16 htop Command:

Interactive process viewer.

Example :-

htop

Output:-

17. lsof Command

Lists open files and the processes that opened them.

lsof

Output:-

18. strace Command

Traces system calls and signals.

strace -p PID

19. dmesg Command

Displays kernel ring buffer messages

dmesg

Output:-

20. journalctl Command

Views system logs (systemd).
Example:-

journalctl -xe

Output:-

21. lsmod Command

Lists loaded kernel modules

Example:-

lsmod

Output:-

22. tcpdump Command

Captures and displays network packets.

Example:-

tcpdump -i eth0

Output:-

23. iftop Command

Displays bandwidth usage on an interface.

Example:-

iftop -i eth0

Output:-

24. nmap Command:

Network exploration tool and security scanner.

nmap -p 1-1000 wizbrand.com

Output:-

25. route Command

Manually manipulates the IP routing table

route -n

Output:-

26. vmstat Command

Displays virtual memory statistics.

Example:-

vmstat 1

Output:-

27 sar Command

Collects, reports, and saves system activity information.

Example:-

sar -u 1

Output:-

28. lscpu Command

Displays information about the CPU architecture

Example:-

lscpu

Output:-

29. lsblk Command

Lists block devices.

Example:-

lsblk

Output:-

30 lsusb Command

Lists USB devices.

Example:-

lsusb

Output:-

Thanks for reading